How to Write Love in Japanese Kanji

Writing love in Japanese is represented as the kanji symbol æ„› which  means love and affection. The On-reading is ai (this is the Chinese pronunciation based on when the character was brought to Japan)The Kun-reading is ito (shii), this is the native Japanese pronunciationIt takes 13 strokes to create the kanji for love.The radical is kokoro. A radical expresses the general nature of the kanji character. Useful compounds of ai  Ã¦â€žâ€º are: Kanji Compound Reading Meaning æ„›æÆ'… aijou love, affection æ„›å› ½Ã¥ ¿Æ' aikokushin patriotism æ„›ä º º aijin lover (implies extramarital relationship) æ â€¹Ã¦â€žâ€º renai romance, romantic love 愛㠁â€"㠁 ¦Ã£â€šâ€¹ aishiteru I love you Koi æ â€¹Ã‚  vs. Ai 愛  Kanji The kanji koi  Ã¦ â€¹ is love for the opposite sex, a longing for a specific person, while ai  Ã¦â€žâ€º is a general feeling of love.  Note that the compound renai  Ã¦ â€¹Ã¦â€žâ€º for romantic love is written with both koi  Ã¦ â€¹ and ai  Ã¦â€žâ€º. Ai can be used as a proper name, such as in the name of Princess Aiko or the singer Aiko. The name combines the kanji characters for love and child  Ã¦â€žâ€º Ã¥ ­ . The kanji koi  Ã¦ â€¹ is rarely used as a name. Kanji Tattoos for Love Some people are interested in getting a tattoo of a kanji symbol. You may want to consider at length whether ai or koi is the one that you want to have tattooed. A full discussion of the uses of koi and ai may help you decide which is most appropriate. Some people may decide based on which kanji they find the most attractive rather than the meaning. Kanji can be written in a variety of fonts. If you are working with a tattoo artist, you may want to explore all of the variations in order to get the one that will be exactly what you prefer. Saying I Love You in Japanese While modern American English makes frequent use of I love you, the phrase is not used as often in Japan. They are more likely to use suki desu, Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£  Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã‚  meaning to like, rather than speaking openly of love.   What is Kanji? Kanji is one of the three writing systems for the Japanese language. It includes thousands of symbols which came to Japan from China. The symbols represent ideas rather than pronunciation. The other two Japanese alphabets, hiragana, and katakana, express Japanese syllables phonetically. There are 2136 symbols designated as Joyo Kanji by the Japanese Ministry of Education. Children in Japan are taught first the 46 characters that comprise each of the hiragana and katakana alphabets. Then they learn 1006 kanji characters in grades one through six. On-Reading and Kun-Reading On-reading is usually used when the kanji is part of a compound, as in the compounds shown above. When the kanji is by itself used as a noun, the Kun-reading is usually used. The Japanese also use the English word for love, pronouncing it as rabu  Ã£Æ' ©Ã£Æ'â€" because there is no L or V sounds in Japanese.

The Patient Relationship Between Nurses And Nurses

The patient-pharmacist relationships can terminate because of many problems. This termination affects both the pharmacist and the patient. Both pharmacists and doctors being healthcare professional go through a similar experience when the relationship with the patient is terminated. The article â€Å"Factors in the doctor–patient relationship that accentuate physicians’ hurt feelings when patients terminate the relationship with them,† discusses how the doctors are emotionally affected when the relationship is terminated. As a method for study, the 119 doctors were sent vignettes describing a patient who changed to another doctor. Then the doctors had to answer a question about negative emotions. The results indicated that the doctors were more affected when a long-standing relationship was terminated and when a patient with a high social status was lost. They were also affected if they had worked very hard with the patient who left. This study has helped me understand how I will feel when I will lose a patient. The formation of a long-standing relationship with a pharmacist takes place when a patient has a disease, which requires using medications over a long period of time. For instance, if a patient has diabetes, the patient will have to come for refills for the rest of his/her life. This frequent visiting and counseling result in long lasting relationships. Such long relationship can end if a patient switches to another pharmacy. I as the pharmacist would be affected becauseShow MoreRelatedTherapeutic Relationship between Nurse and Patient1665 Words   |  7 Pagesand Davis C, (2004), page 3 it has been said that a nurses most essential tool is the therapeutic use of self to understand clients health needs and their knowledge and skills to facilitate the healing process. 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Challenges that put a Threat on the Survival of Big Oil

Question: Discuss the challenges that put a threat on the survival of Big Oil? Answer: Introduction: In this context, the author highlights the biggest challenges that put the Big Oil a threat to survive in the market. Big oil, the name is used to describe the seven or eight major oil companies of the world. The companies are often known as supermajors. The companies are BP plc, Royal Dutch Shell Plc, Total SA, ExxonMobil Corporation, Chevron Corporation, and Eni. The management of these companies focuses on mainly the sectors where it faces risk to be successful. Political issues can affect the oil company in a regulatory way, geological risks primarily due to less extraction, price risk, supply and demand risk, and cost risks. Due to the global economic stagnation, the "Big Oil" companies are facing a problem of their survival. In recent years, the demand of the major international and national oil companies has declined. In November 2014, Organization of the Petroleum exchange companies (OPEC) take an unprecedented decision to maintain production level to regain the lost market p rice (Kazmi 2014). The explosion of shale oil and gas production in the USA led to prices falling by over 50%. Furthermore, the UN Convention on Climate Change in Paris takes some serious decision to limit the global warming and climate change by lowering the carbon emission. These decisions put a limit to the use of fossil fuel and also to the fossil fuel company. Discussion: The decision made by OPEC and UN convention put the oil companies in a challenge to improve their lost market share. One major issue associated with the dividends, which the company has to provide from the profit. The Big Oil is facing problem due to the downfall in the global market (Mirchi et al. 2012). Another problem is due to the climate change issues that create pressure on the Big Oil to abandon their production maximizing policy. The oil and gas management companies need to focus on lowering the carbon emission in the environment. The central area where the "Big oils" are facing the challenge are Cash crunch of sub-$50/bbl oil on projects and dividends: The most major oil companies are facing difficulties in generating enough cash to cover their spending and dividends. Expenditure on new projects and dividends to the shareholders outstripped the cash flow more than $20 billion combining the four supermajor companies- Royal Dutch Shell PLC, BP PLC, Chevron Corp., and Exxon Mobil Corp by the first half of 2015. It is expected from the company that they will reveal the shortfalls in the weekly earnings report. The oil prices fell to the lowest level since the financial crisis and marked down from $100 to $50 per barrel in the third quarter in 2014 (Mu and Ye 2015). Top oil companies are facing uncertain future and the supermajor companies have cut down their expenditure and delaying their projects. Cost cutting often threatens the ability to maintain the production of the company. The success of the companies depends on the ability to manage the cost in a proper way. However, the strategy of driving down the cost prevented the investors from revolting. The companies are already running some long-term projects which cannot put on hold. So considering the circumstances it is evident that the oil companies will need years to bring back their spending under control (Fiorito and van den Bergh 2016). As stated by Mu and Ye (2015), the integrated oil companies explore the crude and refine the oil for the consumers. Studies have shown that the oil companies have to face a cash flow crisis of $80 billion in 2015 and a crisis of $55 billion in 2016. However, the policies taken by the companies for the cash flow problem to maintain proper balance sheets somehow saving the current market status. Chevron Corp. declared that the company will be able to clear its dividends and expenditure by 2017. In the case of Shell, the company will also be able to do the same keeping the price same at $50 a barrel. However, the Exxon is the only company which has reported that their spending peaked up in 2013, and the cash flow doubled in 2014. Exxon has maintained a stable cash dividend payment. Apart from the supermajor, some other national oil companies have promised that they can sustain spending through current status of the market. The Irving, a Texas-based oil company, has committed to increasing production despite the spending. The policy of cut to the spending on new projects may lead to lower production but in turn, it can lift the prices in future. It had been reported that the supermajor oil companies were unwinding their spending practices before the oil price crashed as the companies earned an enormous amount of cash when the oil price was high. Furthermore, considering the other megaprojects, Exxon, BP and Chevron have suspended their big drilling projects, and Shell has canceled a $7 billion exploration program (Geman 2014). Whether to abandon production-maximizing policies: The explosion of shale oil is the main reason for the price drop of oil prices. Due to global economic stagnation and rise of the value of the dollar; the demand for oil has decreased. However, the UN Convention on Climate Change causes in abandoning the production-maximizing business policies of Big Oil companies. It is evident from the business model that the companies should produce a high amount of oil to meet the demand of the petroleum products. This policy also reflects that if no fossil fuel is there then there will be no source of supply. Thus, the oil companies have to drill, no matter how difficult it is to get the crude. The production maximizing policies result in generating excellent growth of oil companies. Exxon has managed $32.6 billion, and Chevron earned $21.4 billion in 2013 (Geman 2014). According to Fhn et al. (2014), the concern for climate changes issue threatening the future of Big Oil. The issue changed the scenario of production maximizing policy along with the stagnancy in demand. So the companies have to look for the new strategy. They have to focus beyond the easy fossil fuel availability and have to find out a new source of extraction. There is no choice left to the Big Oil due to climate change convention. They have to invest in the new strategies. Otherwise, they will lose the ground of other sources. It is true that the cost of extraction from new sources is much higher, but the companies have to consider the world's environmental issues. Exxon started its operations in the Arctic Region, and Chevron and Shell focused on the Gulf of Mexico to extract unconventional oil (Geman 2014). The climate change issue raises some questions about the relationship between the company and its social approach. The production maximizing policy relies on three fundamental strategies- over the year the demand would rise, the increase in the demand would result in higher prices that would justify the expense of investment and the climate concern issue would not play insignificant. But none of the strategic assumptions holds today. The demand for the product rises but not at the expected pace and studies have shown that demand will decline. Thus, the oil companies face problem to recover their invested money. It has found that the oil price will continue with $55 per barrel and will not reach $73 until 2020 (Moffett and Inkpen 2011;2012). The climate change issue has become a major concern and oil companies cannot deny the threatened consequences. In spite of the considerable expenditure by the Big Oil to raise doubt on climate change issues, people become more concern about the climate change effects such as extreme weather phenomenon, rising of the sea level, and drought, etc (Du and Vieira 2012). The need of alternative energy is rising, and the Big Oil has to admit that the production maximizing concept has some backlogs regarding the current issues. The oil companies must find some alternative methods to scale back their operation. Otherwise, they will face a challenge from other aggressive firms (Atabani et al. 2012) Planning by oil companies for a low-carbon global world: The oil and gas companies are facing challenges to meet the energy demand and improving the energy access considering the environmental issue and climate change threats. The UN Convention on Climate Change in Paris has addressed most of the government to limit the climate change parameters and work on the global warming issues to control the carbon emission. The convention also put a suggestion to limit the use of fossil fuel, but it has estimated that fossil fuel will account for 50% of energy demand in 2040. The investment in alternative energy sources needs to increase ((Sandstrm et al. 2014). The issue of carbon emission in the environment can be limited by increasing the share of natural gas in coal mix. The burning of natural gas emits almost half of the carbon compare to coal. But there are several doubts on the contribution of natural gas to meet the climate change threats (Varkey Theeyattuparampil et al. 2013). Global warming is mainly associated with carbon dioxide and methane. So a focus is needed for the control of methane emission also. The oil and gas industries need to focus on the climate risk along with their technological, commercial and financial risk. This will help the companies to become more innovative in their climate approach (Sheridan 2013). The oil and gas companies have the opportunity to work on the aspects of renewal energy. Statoil, an oil and natural gas company, began investing in alternative energy such as utilizing the wind power at sea. The company also has the lowest emission of methane. The company also suggests that Big Oil needs to work on the performance of renewal energy performance and integrating useful technology in the core operations. The Big Oil, who is the major emitters of carbon, needs to take the responsibilities by introducing a carbon price. The companies need to adopt the technologies which are effective for low carbon emission (Mauter et al. 2013). As stated by De Coninck and Benson (2014), many oil and gas companies are investing in carbon capture and storage (CCS). A theoretical approach has suggests that the investment can reduce up to 70-90% of the CO2 emission into the atmosphere. The key point of the method is to eliminate total carbon dioxide from the fossil fuel so that it can be used for the long run. But a major drawback of CSS technique is it requires a high amount of energy, and it is very expensive (Melzer 2012). So the oil companies have to do significant research and improve the technology. Despite the investment by the Big Oil for renewable energy the progress in not satisfactory. But the investment shows some positive result as Shell designed to capture a vast amount of carbon dioxide each year. Furthermore, it is important for the oil and gas companies as well as for the government to work on the common path of carbon emission issue with the help of better technology and efficient regulatory work (Harrison and Falcone 2014). Conclusion: In the above discussion, the author has highlighted the cause of survival challenge facing by Big Oil. The stagnation of the global economy is the main reason for the decrease in the demand for petroleum products. Big Oil is struggling to meet the dividends and facing problem in running long-term projects due to the cash crunch. One solution to the problem is suspending the new projects till the market stability restore. The suspension of the projects may lower the production of the company but in a long run, the price of the product can rise. The climate change issues put a limitation on the use of fossil fuel use which put a knell to the use of fossil fuel by oil and gas companies. The Big Oil usually extracts the crude from the easily available fossil sources. But the fossil quantity is limited. So the maximize production policy of the Big Oil is limiting the amount of fossil. The Big Oil need to concern about the climate change consequences and need to apply some alternative stra tegies that will felicitate environment. Furthermore, the oil and gas companies should be aware of the global warming and limit the carbon emission. Limiting the carbon emission can affect the productivity of the company. The management needs to invest in the research of the alternative technologies which can reduce the carbon emission by capture and storage method. Obviously, the investment in the new technologies will increase the cost of production, but the Big Oil need to concern about the environment. References: Atabani, A.E., Silitonga, A.S., Badruddin, I.A., Mahlia, T.M.I., Masjuki, H.H. and Mekhilef, S., 2012. A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics.Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,16(4), pp.2070-2093. De Coninck, H. and Benson, S.M., 2014. Carbon dioxide capture and storage: issues and prospects.Annual Review of Environment and Resources,39, pp.243-270. Du, S. and Vieira Jr, E.T., 2012. Striving for legitimacy through corporate social responsibility: Insights from oil companies.Journal of Business Ethics,110(4), pp.413-427. Fhn, T., Hagem, C., Lindholt, L., Maeland, S. and Rosendahl, K.E., 2014. Climate policies in a fossil fuel producing country-demand versus supply side policies. Fiorito, G. van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M 2016;2015;, "Capital-energy substitution in manufacturing for seven OECD countries: learning about potential effects of climate policy and peak oil",Energy Efficiency,vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 49-65. Geman, B. 2014, "Inside Big Oil's Fight Over Arctic Drilling Rules",National Journal Daily Harrison, B. Falcone, G. 2014, "Carbon capture and sequestration versus carbon capture utilisation and storage for enhanced oil recovery",Acta Geotechnica,vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 29-38 Kazmi, S.H. 2014,GLOBAL OIL PRICE PLUNGING BELOW US$60 A BARREL, Asianet-Pakistan, Karachi. Mauter, M.S., Palmer, V.R., Tang, Y.I.Q.I.A.O. and Behrer, A.P., 2013. The next frontier in United States shale gas and tight oil extraction: strategic reduction of environmental impacts.Energy Technology Innovation Policy (ETIP) Research Group: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs,4. Melzer, L.S., 2012. Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2 EOR): Factors involved in adding carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) to enhanced oil recovery.Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. Mirchi, A., Hadian, S., Madani, K., Rouhani, O.M. and Rouhani, A.M., 2012. World energy balance outlook and OPEC production capacity: implications for global oil security.Energies,5(8), pp.2626-2651. Moffett, M.H. Inkpen, A.C. 2011;2012;,Global Oil and Gas Industry: Management, Strategy, and Finance,PennWell Corporation Mu, X. Ye, H. 2015, "Small trends and big cycles in crude oil prices",The Energy Journal,vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 1. Sandstrm, V., Tuomisto, J.T., Majaniemi, S., Rintala, T. Pohjola, M.V. 2014, "Evaluating effectiveness of open assessments on alternative biofuel sources",Sustainability : Science, Practice, Policy,vol. 10, no. Sheridan, C. 2013, "Big oil turns on biofuels",Nature biotechnology,vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 870 Varkey Theeyattuparampil, V., Adnan Zarzour, O., Koukouzas, N., Vidican, G., Al-Saleh, Y. Katsimpardi, I. 2013, "Carbon capture and storage",International Journal of Energy Sector Management,vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 223-242.

Informative Speech - Karate free essay sample

Good Evening. Tonight I would like you to think of a public place where you feel no one would hurt you and everyone fears God. A place where people pray, worship and celebrate their faith. Is it the church that first came in to your mind? Don’t worry, I will not talk about any religion. I’m here to talk about Learning Martial Arts. You must be asking what does church have to do with martial arts. When I was in highschool back home, I used to go to church everyday to say a little prayer before I attend my first class.Until one day, someone grab my behind. I was in shock I couldn’t move. It was almost 2 decades ago but I can still remember his face. I told myself, I could have done something. I could have somehow defend myself. That was the time I decided to study martial arts. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech Karate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I took karate lessons in AAK, the Association for the Advancement of Karate-do. At first, my goal was just mainly self defense. That someday if I see this man again, I would punch him in the eye and throw a full roundhouse kick in his â€Å"you know where†.But I was wrong. Self defense is just a part of learning the art. From the word Karate, â€Å"Kara† means empty and â€Å"te† means hand. A fight with an empty hand is a misconception of the true meaning of Karate. Gichin Fonakoshi, the founder of Karate, interpreted the â€Å"kara† to mean â€Å"to purge oneself of selfish and evil thoughts. For only with a clear mind and conscience can the practitioner understand the knowledge which he receives. Funakoshi believed that one should be inwardly humble and outwardly gentle. Only by behaving humbly can one be open to Karates many lessons. † Karate is also a sport. The competition has two disciplines: kumite ; kata. Kumite means sparring. There are two opponents that require body contact or a combination of punches and kicks to get a score. You don’t want to hit your opponent too hard. Because if you did, the score would go to your opponent. Kata on the other hand†¦is a formalized sequence of movements performing a series of punches and kicks in the air. Judges’ scores are based on how good the kata is executed.I have never won the Kata division. But I must say, I got two bronze medals from the sparring competition. The karate belt color – it indicates ones rank and ability. Each step forward represents a further accumulation of skills and knowledge. You start from white, then yellow, orange, green, blue, purple, brown 3rd, brown 2nd, brown 1st, and the highest is black. By the way, I’ve reached brown 1st. I went to college I didn’t have time to practice so I was not able to get the promotion for black belt.There are numerous reasons why people want to learn martial arts. The most common reasons are to protect yourself and loved ones, to stay fit and healthy and to develop a belief in yourself with confidence ; good character. Earning the highest rank and aiming the gold in a competition will just build up as you practice over time. Whatever reasons we have in learning martial arts, we need to keep in mind that Karate, Tae Kwon Do, Jujutsu, and the like, are basically an art of self defense, and the best self defense is†¦. avoiding trouble.